Introduction:
The ability to reformulate a text is a crucial skill in language learning and communication. Reformulation, also known as paraphrasing, involves expressing the same information or idea using different words or structures. While it is considered an essential aspect of language proficiency, little research has explored the actual process of reformulation. This observational research study aims to investigate the strategies employed by individuals when reformulating a given text.

Methodology:
Participants for this study were selected through a purposive sampling technique, targeting individuals who possess advanced language skills. The sample comprised twenty participants, ten of whom were native English speakers, Reformulateur De Texte and the other ten were native French speakers, aligning with the bilingual nature of reformulation. The participants were asked to reformulate a provided text in their respective languages, and their process was observed and recorded.

Results:
The analysis of data revealed several interesting findings regarding the process of reformulation. It was observed that participants adopted various strategies when engaging in reformulation tasks. These strategies could be broadly categorized into lexical, syntactic, and discursive approaches.

Lexical Strategies:
Participants commonly employed lexical strategies, which involved replacing particular words from the original text with synonyms or alternative expressions. This approach allowed them to maintain the overall meaning while using different vocabulary. Native speakers of both English and French tended to exhibit a higher level of lexical diversity during reformulation tasks.

Syntactic Strategies:
Syntactic strategies involved changing the sentence structure, such as converting a passive voice sentence to an active voice one, or vice versa. This approach allowed participants to convey the same information using different grammatical structures. Native speakers of French displayed a greater inclination towards utilizing syntactic strategies compared to their English-speaking counterparts.

Discursive Strategies:
Participants also employed discursive strategies by adjusting the overall organization and coherence of the text. This involved rearranging sentences or paragraphs to achieve a more coherent and logical flow. Native speakers of both languages demonstrated similar levels of proficiency in employing discursive strategies.

Discussion:
The findings of this observational research study provide valuable insights into the process of reformulating a text. The strategies identified – lexical, syntactic, and discursive – underline the multifaceted nature of reformulation. These findings have implications for language educators and learners, as they shed light on the specific areas that should be emphasized during language instruction.

Conclusion:
Reformulating a text is a complex process involving language proficiency and cognitive skills.